Lamps and Fixtures, Incandescent

Definitions

Incandescent – An electric light in which a filament is heated to incandescence by an electric current.
HID lighting

High-intensity discharge (HID) lamp — A lamp that produces light by passing electricity through gas, which causes the gas to glow. Examples of HID lamps are mercury vapor lamps, metal halide lamps, and high-pressure sodium lamps. HID lamps have extremely long life and emit far more lumens per fixture than do fluorescent lights.

Fluorescent lighting other than compact fluorescent bulbs — In fluorescent lamps, energy is converted to light by using an electric charge to “excite” gaseous atoms within a fluorescent tube. Common types are “cool white,” “warm white,” etc. Special energy efficient fluorescent lights have been developed that produce the same amount of light while consuming less energy.
Compact fluorescent bulbs: These are also known as “screw-in fluorescent replacements for incandescent” or “screw-ins.” Compact fluorescent bulbs combine the efficiency of fluorescent lighting with the convenience of a standard incandescent bulb. There are many styles of compact fluorescent, including exit light fixtures and floodlights (lamps containing reflectors). Many screw into a standard light socket, and most produce a similar color of light as a standard incandescent bulb. Compact fluorescent bulbs come with ballasts that are electronic (lightweight, instant, no-flicker starting, and 10 to 15% more efficient) or magnetic (much heavier and slower starting). Other types of compact fluorescent bulbs include adaptive circulation and PL and SL lamps and ballasts. Compact fluorescent bulbs are designed for residential uses; they are also used in table lamps, wall sconces, and hall and ceiling fixtures of hotels, motels, hospitals, and other types of commercial buildings with residential-type applications.

The “energy crisis” of the previous decades has appeared to sound the death knell for incandescent lighting. All the above type of lights defined are being used to create energy savings by the following methods:

• Eliminate excessive lighting by reducing the total lamp wattage in each activity area.
• Substitute higher-efficiency lamps in existing fixtures;
• Substitute screw-in fluorescent lamps for incandescent lamps.
• Substitute tungsten halogen lamps for conventional incandescent lamps.
• Substitute lamps that minimize light trapping and/or improve light distribution.
• Modify existing fixtures to reduce light trapping and /or improve light distribution.
• In fixtures having shades that absorb light, modify or eliminate the shades.
• Install reflective inserts in fixtures that have absorptive internal baffles or surfaces.
• For task lighting, install focussing lamps on flexible extensions.
• Replace incandescent fixtures with fluorescent or HID fixtures.
• Modify or replace incandescent exit signs with fluorescent or LED light sources.
• Install dimmers.

First, Survey the fixtures and determine the required wattage for each area. Different area, depending on the work or activity, will have different illumination requirements. Use light meter to measure existing lighting levels and then mark up a lighting chart to plot the required wattage and type of lamp.

Label all fixtures with Wattage Required and Type of Lamp installed, this prevents backsliding by maintenance people who would most likely install same wattage for entire area. To obtain “energy saving” a more efficient bulb must be substituted with more efficient model.

Economics of Energy Audit Savings as Applied to Lamps

SAVINGS POTENTIAL: 20 to 40 percent of the energy used by incandescent fixtures, typically.
COST: Minimal, if changes are made as lamps burn out.
PAY BACK PERIOD: Less than one year.

TRAPS AND TRICKS

SURVEY: It is tedious to figure out the optimum wattage for each fixture and to label it accordingly. But, if you skip this preparation, you will miss energy savings, and the savings that you do achieve will disappear with a few lamp replacements.

EXPLAIN IT: Explain the importance of lamp selection to the staff. Make a list of lamp types and wattages to be used in each location or type of fixture. Post the list in the lamp storage room.

REPEAT AS NECESSARY: Repeat this measure any time light fixtures or lighting requirements change. Make this a long term repetitive item in your maintenance calendar.

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Because the kitchen is a central room in the house, it often plays an important role in defining the style of the ground floors in a house. The most common gathering place is usually the kitchen as people naturally gravitate towards the room with the food. You want to make sure your kitchen is in line with the rest of the house design wise so that everything goes together nicely.

The kitchen is also the best choice of rooms to remodel if you want to add new life to your house. When you redo your kitchen and update it, you will also be adding value to your home. As it is such a central room though, it is important to make your design choices carefully and make sure you have the right colors before starting.

The colors you choose for the kitchen are crucial because they set the tone for the room. The kitchen can often be seen from other parts of the house and so you must make sure the colors you choose blend in with their surroundings. People love to hang out in the kitchen and you dont want anything too dark. The kitchen should be a happy place where friends can get together to talk and enjoy food. Your kitchen colors will be instrumental in creating that happy atmosphere.

One of the first things a person sees when they walk into your kitchen is the cabinets. As they are all along the walls, they take up a big space. Kitchen cabinet ideas should be carefully considered when you remodel as it they are such an important part of the design of the kitchen.

If you dont have the money to buy new cabinets, you can have your old ones refaced. This is one of the cheapest ways to quickly give your kitchen a new updated look. The outside part of most kitchen cabinets will fade and look worn after years of use and refacing them is an easy way to make them look new again. This economical fix is perfect for todays real estate market when buyers are being discriminating.

Redoing the cabinets and changing the colors in your kitchen are two ways to make the most noticeable impact and make your kitchen look new again. The kitchen is always an important room and modernizing it will go a long way towards improving the overall look of your home. The Barrie housing market is moving at quick pace and fixing your home can get you more hard earned dollars than your competitors.

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Barrie ON Canada has experienced one of the busiest months ever for September 2009. This area has had not been affected by the downturn in the economy and homes that are in good locations and reasonably priced have sold fairly quickly for close to asking price. The Barrie Home Inspector has been many real estate purchasers first choice as he is one of the few inspectors to be a Certified Building Code Official. Many inspectors only have a couple of basic Part 9 courses and depend on checklists for their knowledge. When investing your money always choose a professional to protect your investment.

However, expert opinions are divided as to whether 2010 will see an increase or a decrease in prices. The majority of financial specialists in Australia tend to agree that property prices will fall by between 5 and 10% next year and an increase in property prices will not be evident until at least 2011.

Inevitably, the Australian property market will be affected by four main factors. Employment, debt, global economy and house price stability. Debt is at an all time high and as the property market increases numbers of buyers will drop as they simply cannot afford to get into anymore debt.

With unemployment rates also rising many businesses are playing safe and either laying off staff or cutting their hours from full time to part time thus saving money on wages, health care and tax. Due to the global economy, redundancies will also increase is the economy does not pick up.

Thankfully during 2009, Australia property market managed to maintain a solid ground and if the Australian Government can keep interest rates low and hold back on repossessions then an increase on property prices should be seen in a couple of years.

The Australian banks seem to be working with their customers to help bring back the economy and are allowing customers to keep hold of their homes. If banks hold large amounts of overvalued repossessions then the market will surely suffer.

In all, Australia seems to have ridden the storm rather well. Both commercial and residential properties are still being bought by overseas buyers with the added bonus of additional taxes and fees being fairly low in the country for property owners.

Investment from foreign parties is important to any countries economy. Due to this, Australia has made purchasing property fairly simple. Even though agreement from the Australian Government has to be sought prior to purchasing after this the process is fairly straightforward.

Whether you are buying residential properties or commercial properties, Australia will no doubt ride the storm for the next few years and will prove to be a good country to invest in.

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